Minimum Norms and Standards, Part 3

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Sparrows is not a Secure Care facility. This is an extract from the Blueprint. Only sections that apply to Child and Youth Care Centres apply to Sparrows.

Table of Contents

  1. Legislative framework
    1. Compliance with legislation and policy
  2. Infrastructure
  3. Security
  4. Out-sourcing
  5. Maintenance
  6. Organisational Development
    1. Assessment of the Environment
  7. Occupational Health Issues
  8. Community Participation
  9. Resources
    1. Human Resources
  10. Professional services
  11. Management and Leadership
  12. Stock
  13. Administration and management systems
  14. Information Management
  15. Services to beneficiaries
    1. Caring environment
  16. Transitional Planning
  17. Programmes
  18. Children's Rights
  19. Transversal areas
    1. Monitoring and Evaluation

Legislative framework

The norms and standards for practice, as identified in the Norms and Standards for Developmental Social Welfare Services, are considered to be relevant unless otherwise stated.

1. Compliance with legislation and policy

All residential care programmes for children should be registered with the appropriate authorities.

Norms and standards

Ref NoNormsReferenceStandards
1.1All secure care programmes should comply with applicable legislation.Children's Act (No 38 of 2005)All secure care programmes should be registered under section 197 of the Children's Act (No 38 of 2005) as amended.
1.2The facility must comply with the prescribed policy (Blueprint).Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • The facility must comply with the elements of the Blueprint.
  • The facility must comply with the Norms and Standards as determined by the National Department of Social Development.
1.3The facility must comply with the Health and Safety Act.Informed by practice and consultation at workshopsAll the areas identified by the Health and Safety Act are in place, i.e.
  • Emergency plans
  • Fire-exits
  • Availability of fire extinguishers and hoses
  • Appointment of Health and Safety officers
  • Availability of first-aid kits
  • Personnel are trained in first-aid
  • Universal precautions are upheld
  • Pool safety
  • Pest control
  • Refuse disposal
1.4All secure care facilities must comply with design principles.Informed by practice and consultation at workshopsAll secure care centres are built according to the specifications.
1.5The service provided at secure care centres must be aligned to the Disability Policy.Constitutional Imperative Disability White PaperThe Centre is equipped to manage disabled children and staff.

Practice guidelines

Ref NoNormsReferenceStandards
1.1All secure care programmes should comply with applicable legislation.
  • Develop prescribed registration format and the system for registration.
  • Ensure that the provinces register the secure care programmes.
  • The register to reflect the profile of the centres and the programmes available.
  • Maintain the database for registered secure care programmes.
  • Annually update the database for registered secure care programmes.
  • Application for registration or renewal of registration in terms of section 196(4) must be completed on Form 48.
  • An application should be lodged with the Provincial Head of Social Development in terms of section 199.
  • Follow up progress on the application every 6 months with the provincial office.
  • The registration certificate must be displayed within the centre.
  • Any change in the circumstance of a secure care facility (e.g. change in capacity) must be reported to the provincial office of Social Development and the registration certificate amended.
1.2The facility must comply with the prescribed policy (Blueprint).
  • Prescribe policy (Blueprint)
  • Develop a system to ensure compliance with the norms and standards.
  • Develop a strategic plan and implementation plan according to priority areas and timeframes.
  • Communicate policy to provinces.
  • Monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the policy.
  • Develop a costing model for secure care facility.
  • Provide support to each province during the implementation process.
  • Every secure care facility must determine whether they are in line with the Blueprint.
  • Develop plan of action to ensure alignment to Blueprint.
  • Every secure care centre must determine whether they are in line with the Norms and Standards.
  • Develop a strategy to ensure alignment with the norms and standards.
  • Develop plan of action to ensure alignment to norms and standards.
1.3The facility must comply with the Health and Safety Act.
  • Identify applicable sections for secure care facility in the Health and Safety Act.
  • Prescribe the minimum Health and Safety compliance for secure care centres.
  • Every secure care facility must determine whether they are in line with the minimum Health and Safety prescriptions.
  • Develop plan of action to ensure alignment to the Health and Safety Act.
1.4All secure care facilities must comply with design principles.
  • Design principles must be prescribed by the strategic planning directorate of the national department of social development.
  • The National Department of Social Development must make available a set of blueprints to all provincial HOD's.
  • Monitoring and evaluation of the building of the centre.
  • Communicate design principles to provincial departments.
  • Develop a costing framework to build secure care centres in line with the design principles.
  • Provide support to each province during the building of the facility.
  • All secure care facility must be built according to the design principles as determined by the National Department of Social Development.
  • The HOD must ensure that all provincial directorates responsible for a Child and Youth Care programme familiarize themselves with the content of the Blueprint.
  • The provincial directorates must customize the Blueprint and develop their own practice guidelines.
  • Every secure care facility must determine whether they are in line with the Blueprint.
  • Develop plan of action to ensure alignment to Blueprint.
1.5The service provided at secure care facility must be aligned to the Disability Policy.
  • Prescribe all elements for compliance with the disability policy.
  • Monitor the implementation of the prescribed elements.
  • Develop recognition system for compliance to the disability policy in conjunction with the Directorate: Disability.
  • Every secure care facility must determine, together with the provincial directorate of disability, whether they are in line with the prescriptions of the Disability Policy.
  • Develop plan of action to ensure alignment to the Disability Policy.
  • Provincial Disability Directorate must monitor progress.

Service development

2. Infrastructure

The infrastructure of a residential facility must be of a child friendly nature as well as meet the elements of safety, functionality, durability and aesthetically pleasing.

Norms and standards

Ref NoNormsReferenceStandards
2.1The service provided at secure care facilities must be aligned to infrastructure prescriptions. (Blueprint)Informed by practice and consultation at workshopsAll secure care centres are built according to the specifications.
2.2The centre should provide for independent living equipment.Informed by practice and consultation at workshopsThe programme must be accessible to able, as well as disabled persons.
2.3The facility should provide for emergency equipment.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • There must be an emergency exit in all living areas.
  • Evacuation plan well displayed
  • Fire exits are clearly marked and are visible.
  • Sufficient fire extinguishers and fire hoses are available within all buildings, as well as the outside premises, and are regularly serviced.
  • The infrastructure should provide for a heating system and backup systems.
  • The infrastructure should provide for an emergency generator that is functional and serviced regularly.
  • The generator should supply electricity to designated areas i.e. sickbay (critical medical equip), dormitories (lights), kitchen, admin offices and control room.
  • The infrastructure should provide for emergency water supply either through a reservoir, tank or borehole.
2.4The environment and milieu in the living quarters should be of such a nature that children and staff are safe and comfortable.Inter-sectoral Policy on the Transformation of the South African Child and Youth Care System
  • Each child must have his/her own demarcated personal space within the living quarters.
  • Each child has his/her own sturdily constructed bed
  • The beds should be made of steel and, bolted to the floor.
  • Mattresses must be at least 15cm thick, must be covered in fire-proof material and made from high-density foam.
  • Steel bedside lockers must be provided.
  • Washing lines must be provided outside living quarters for personal laundry.
  • The lounge/TV room must provide comfortable seating arrangements for 22 children for group activities.
  • The lounge/TV room must provide desks and chairs for 22 children to complete their homework.
  • Tinted, break resistant glass should be installed in all windows.
  • As far as possible furniture and finishes must be fixed and immovable.
2.5The resources in the kitchen and dining room should ensure the safe and hygienic preparation of food.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • The floors should be functional, non-slippery and comply with environmental health standards.
  • The kitchen must provide for:
    • 4-plate industrial stove with oven and extractor
    • Deep fryers
    • Microwave ovens
    • 1x Hydro boils
    • Boilers
    • dishwasher
    • Water coolers
    • industrial food processors
    • Bain-maries with inserts
    • children serving trays
    • industrial serving trays
    • Serving trolleys
    • Fridges
    • Freezers
  • The walk-in cold room equipped with shelves and storing pellets.
  • The pantry and dry-store should be equipped with cupboards and shelves.
  • In accordance with environmental health standards, the following equipment must be provided:
    • Fire extinguishers
    • First aid kits
    • Fly screens
    • Mounted hand basins with soap dispenser
    • Paper hand towels or dryers
    • Purple light
  • The supervisor's office should be equipped with a desk, chairs and cupboards.
  • The staff change rooms must be provided with lockers, showers and toilets.
  • The following eating utensils must be supplied:
    • Plates
    • Cups
    • Side plates
    • Soup/cereal bowls
    • Cutlery – spoon, knife, fork and teaspoon for each child
  • 25% extra eating utensils should be available upon need.
  • Crockery should be made from melamine.
  • The tables in the dining room should be stainless steel frame, covered with fiberglass and mounted to the floor.
  • The chairs in the dining room should be stainless steel frames covered with fiberglass and mounted to the floor.
  • The dining room should have either curtains or blinds.
  • A demarcated area for refuse disposal.
2.6Adequate laundry facilities.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • The laundry should be fully equipped with:
    • Industrial washing machines
    • Tumble dryers
    • Shelves
    • Sorting tables
    • Ironing tables
  • The supervisor's office should be provided with a desk, chairs and cupboards.
  • The staff change rooms must be provided with lockers, showers and toilets.
  • The storeroom should provide shelves for chemicals and detergents.
2.7The environment and resources at the administration block should be of such a nature that personnel are empowered to perform their tasks effectively.Inter-sectoral policy on the transformation of the SA child and youth care system (May 2000)
  • The facility should be equipped with IT and telephone infrastructure.
  • At least one independent telephone line and 1 switchboard facility.
  • The following furniture and equipment should be available in every office:
    • A desk
    • Chairs
    • Cupboards
    • Computers and printers with access to the Internet.
    • Curtains or blinds.
  • The following equipment must be available:
    • Fax machine
    • At least 1 commercial grade photocopier for bulk photocopies
    • Each centre should have 1 laptop with 3G connection
    • 1 data projector per facility
  • Access to cellular telephones to senior management.
  • Curtains or blinds in every office
2.8The environment and resources for the occupational therapist should be of such a nature that he/she is empowered to perform their tasks effectively.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • Tables and chairs should be provided for therapy rooms.
  • OT equipment should be provided for OT.
2.9The facility has an adequate supply of recreational equipment.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • The following equipment must be available for leisure activities:
    • Board games
    • Pool tables
  • Children have access to the following equipment for exercise:
    • Boxing facility
    • Punching bag
    • Weights
    • Treadmill
    • Exercise bicycle
    • Scale
    • Table tennis
  • The flooring of the in-door recreational facilities must be marked for games, e.g. Basket ball court.
  • Children have access to the following equipment for recreational purposes:
    • Soccer-, rugby-, netball- and basket balls
    • Baseball balls and bats
    • Cricket sets
  • All children must have swimming capabilities.
  • Life jackets should be provided to children who cannot swim.
  • Adhere to municipal by-laws with regards to pool safety.
2.10Adequate medical equipment.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • The examination room must be fully equipped with functioning medical and emergency equipment and an examination table.
  • The following furniture and equipment should be available in the examination room:
    • A desk
    • Chairs
    • Cupboards
    • Computer and printer with access to the Internet.
  • A lockable medication room must be provided, equipped with the necessary equipment, inclusive of a fridge and serialization equipment.
  • The sick bay must be equipped with adequate beds.
  • The isolation room must be equipped with adequate beds.
2.11Comfortable visiting areas.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • The visiting areas should be equipped with comfortable chairs and tables.
  • Curtains or blinds in every office.
2.12Comfortable accommodation for familiesInformed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • The rooms should be equipped with beds, chairs and cupboards.
  • Bright curtains should be provided.
2.13Library and resource centre.Informed by practice and consultation at workshopsThe library and resource centre should be equipped with shelves.
2.14Appropriate educational and skills development facilities.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • The classrooms must be equipped with adequate desks and chairs.
  • Workshop facilities must be fully equipped.
  • Extractor fans in all workshops
  • Tables, chairs and computers must be provided to accommodate 20 children in the computer training room.
2.15Official transport.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • At least 2 official vehicles must be provided per 50 children.
  • At least one minibus must be available.
  • At least one bakkie must be available per centre.
  • Buses should be rented when needed.

Practice guidelines

Ref NoNormNational guidelinesProvincial guidelines
2.1The service provided at secure care facilities must be aligned to the prescriptions of the infrastructure (Blueprint).
  • Define and prescribe the minimum requirements for the infrastructure.
  • Communicate the minimum requirements for the infrastructure to provincial departments.
  • Monitor the implementation of the prescribed requirements.
  • Every secure care facility must determine, whether they are in line with the prescriptions of the infrastructure.
  • Develop plan of action to ensure alignment.
  • Cost the refurbishment to the facility.
  • Align budget to include cost of refurbishing.
2.2The facility should provide for independent living equipment.Refer to 1.5
2.3Library and resource centre.
  • Define and prescribe the minimum requirements for emergency equipment.
  • Communicate the minimum requirements for the emergency equipment to provincial departments.
  • Monitor the implementation of the prescribed requirements emergency equipment.
  • Evacuation plan is practiced regularly with the children and staff.
  • Every secure care facility must undertake an audit to determine whether the infrastructure provide for emergency water supply.
  • There must be consistency in the water flow.
2.4The environment and milieu in the living quarters should be of such a nature that children and staff are safe and comfortable.
  • Define and prescribe the environment and milieu in the living quarters.
  • Communicate the prescribed environment and milieu in the living quarters to provincial departments.
  • Monitor the implementation of the
  • Each child must have his/her own demarcated personal space within the living quarters.
  • Each child has his/her own sturdily constructed bed
  • The beds should be made of steel and, bolted to the floor.
2.5The resources in the kitchen and dining room should ensure the safe and hygienic preparation of food.
  • Define and prescribe the resources available at the facilities.
  • Communicate the prescribed resources to provincial departments.
  • Monitor the implementation of the prescribed resources
  • Meet the requirements of the Department of Health
  • Each facility should determine the number of appliances in terms of their own requirements and according to the number of children the facility will accommodate.
  • Crockery and cutlery should be counted after every meal.
  • Bright curtains or colourful blinds
2.6Adequate laundry facilities.
  • Define and prescribe the resources available in the laundry.
  • Communicate the prescribed resources to provincial departments.
  • Monitor the implementation of the prescribed resources
Each facility should determine the number of appliances in terms of their own requirements and according to the number of children the facility will accommodate.
2.7The environment and resources at the administration block should be of such a nature that personnel are empowered to perform their tasks effectively.
  • Define and prescribe the resources available in the administration block.
  • Communicate the prescribed resources to provincial departments.
  • Monitor the implementation of the prescribed resources
  • One independent telephone line for the centre manager.
  • Bright curtains should be provided.
2.8The environment and resources for the occupational therapist should be of such a nature that he/she is empowered to perform their tasks effectively.
  • Define and prescribe the resources available to the occupational therapist.
  • Communicate the prescribed resources to provincial departments.
  • Monitor the implementation of the
Resources required for OT service:
  • Educational charts
  • Reading books
  • Pegboards
  • Threading beads
  • Musical Instruments
  • Finger fun, Art work (Pencil crayons, waxes, colouring books, glue, play dough), hoola-hoops, building blocks, Straws, Trampoline, puzzles.
2.9The center has an adequate supply of recreational equipment.
  • Define and prescribe the resources available for recreational purposes.
  • Communicate the prescribed resources to provincial departments.
  • Monitor the implementation of the prescribed resources
  • A structured sport programme must be developed.
  • Access to the in-door facilities must be structured according to groups.
  • Exercise equipment may only be used under supervision.
  • Each child must be orientated in terms of the use of the equipment.
  • Swimming capabilities for each child must be assessed.
  • Swimming lessons must be provided.
  • Pool can only be used under supervision
  • Swimming must form part of the structured recreational programme.
2.10Adequate medical equipment.
  • Define and prescribe the minimum requirements for the infrastructure.
  • Communicate the minimum requirements for the infrastructure to provincial departments.
  • Monitor the implementation of the prescribed requirements.
  • Every secure care facility must determine, whether they are in line with the prescriptions of the infrastructure.
  • Develop a plan of action to ensure alignment.
  • Cost the refurbishment to the facility.
  • Align budget to include cost of refurbishing.
2.11Comfortable visiting areas.
  • Define and prescribe the minimum requirements for the infrastructure.
  • Communicate the minimum requirements for the infrastructure to provincial departments.
  • Monitor the implementation of the prescribed requirements.
  • Every secure care facility must determine, whether they are in line with the prescriptions of the infrastructure.
  • Develop a plan of action to ensure alignment.
  • Cost the refurbishment to the facility.
  • Align budget to include cost of refurbishing.
2.12Comfortable accommodation for families
  • Define and prescribe the minimum requirements for the infrastructure.
  • Communicate the minimum requirements for the infrastructure to provincial departments.
  • Monitor the implementation of the prescribed requirements.
  • Every secure care facility must determine, whether they are in line with the prescriptions of the infrastructure.
  • Develop a plan of action to ensure alignment.
  • Cost the refurbishment to the facility.
  • Align budget to include cost of refurbishing.
2.13Library and resource centre.
  • Define and prescribe the minimum requirements for the infrastructure.
  • Communicate the minimum requirements for the infrastructure to provincial departments.
  • Monitor the implementation of the prescribed requirements.
  • Every secure care facility must determine, whether they are in line with the prescriptions of the infrastructure.
  • Develop a plan of action to ensure alignment.
  • Cost the refurbishment to the facility.
  • Align budget to include cost of refurbishing.
2.14Appropriate educational and skills development facilities.
  • Define and prescribe the minimum requirements for the infrastructure.
  • Communicate the minimum requirements for the infrastructure to provincial departments.
  • Monitor the implementation of the prescribed requirements.
  • Every secure care facility must determine, whether they are in line with the prescriptions of the infrastructure.
  • Develop a plan of action to ensure alignment.
  • Cost the refurbishment to the facility.
  • Align budget to include cost of refurbishing.
2.15Official transport.
  • Define and prescribe the minimum requirements for the infrastructure.
  • Communicate the minimum requirements for the infrastructure to provincial departments.
  • Monitor the implementation of the prescribed requirements.
  • Every secure care facility must determine, whether they are in line with the prescriptions of the infrastructure.
  • Develop a plan of action to ensure alignment.
  • Cost the refurbishment to the facility.
  • Align budget to include cost of refurbishing.

3. Security

Security services should create a safe environment in which children are protected from physical harm, or threat of harm, from self and others in a non-intrusive manner.

Norms and standards

Ref NoNormsReferenceStandards
3.1A safe and secure environment for the containment of children in conflict with the law.Costing of the children's strategic plan and framework
  • All facilities must have two "walls". One is the perimeter wall and one contains the centre.
  • CCTV installed inside the centre, and on the outside at strategic places.
  • Accessed to the facility by means of a centralised access point.
  • The central access point must have metal detectors and parcel scanners.
  • The following security measures are in place to prevent children from absconding/escaping from the programme:
    • Walled or fenced in.
    • Security gates.
    • Burglar bars
    • CCTV cameras
3.2A safe and secure environment is maintained in and around the facility.Minimum norms and standards for inpatient treatment centres.
  • Secure perimeter control measures are in place.
  • Central point to access living quarters.
  • Amenities such as the living quarters, dining room, out-door recreational facilities and educational block are closed off from each other and are only accessible through a separate access point for control and security.
  • Children, visitors and staff must be informed of searching practices and consent to them.
3.3The centre has mechanisms and procedures to regulate and monitor any searching of the children for weapons or substances in a rights-sensitive manner.Minimum norms and standards for inpatient treatment centres.
  • The bodily integrity of children and their visitors may not be violated by routine or unauthorized bodily searches.
  • Bodily searches on children may only be conducted by a personnel member of their own gender.
  • All searching of private belongings and parcels may only occur in the presence of the child.
  • All illegal substances and weapons should be immediately confiscated and disposed of in accordance with relevant legislation.
  • The centre is declared as a dangerous weapon and drug-free environment.

Practice guidelines

Ref NoNormNational guidelinesProvincial guidelines
3.1A safe and secure environment for the containment of children in conflict with the law.
  • Define and prescribe a safe and secure environment.
  • Communicate the prescribed the requirements to the provincial departments.
  • Monitor the implementation of the prescribed requirements.
  • See prescriptions from national department.
  • Conduct an audit to ensure a safe and secure environment, which is in line with the design principles.
  • Develop a plan of action to ensure a safe and secure environment, which is in line with the design principles.
  • Cost the plan of action.
  • Align the budget to include the refurbishment to the facility.
  • The central access point must have metal detectors and parcel scanners are manned by a security official.
  • CCTV to be monitored by security staff 24/7.
  • Security personnel are stationed at the central access points of the facility for access control and
  • Video surveillance
  • Children must be managed according to the flow of their daily routine. (See pg 105 of the Blueprint for the flow diagram.)
3.2A safe and secure environment is maintained in and around the facility.See norm on "out-sourcing".
  • Appointment of competent security personnel
  • Security personnel must be orientated in all security measures
  • Security personnel must be orientated in the maintenance of control measures
  • If security is contracted out, security stipulations as prescribed by the norms and standards must form part of the contract
3.3The facility has mechanisms and procedures to regulate and monitor any searching of the children for weapons or substances in a rights-sensitive manner.
  • Define and prescribe the mechanisms to regulate and monitor searches.
  • Communicate the prescribed mechanisms to regulate and monitor searches resources to provincial departments.
  • Monitor the implementation of the prescribed mechanisms to regulate and monitor searches.
  • Compliance with prescribed mechanisms to regulate and monitor searches.
  • Bodily searches must be conducted in the presence of two adult personnel – one person conducting the searches and the other to observe that the rights are upheld.
  • Searches may only be conducted by professional or accredited personnel.

4. Out-sourcing

Out-sourcing of services within secure care should be practiced with the understanding that provinces retain accountability and responsibility for service provision to children in conflict with the law.

Norms and standards

Ref NoNormsReferenceStandards
4.1Out-sourcing of part of services within secure care, or complete services within secure care, is an acceptable practice in Government.
  • Department of Social
  • Development Policy on Financial Award to Service providers
  • Tender process according to supply chain management policy.
  • A timeframe of not more than 5 years with a maximum period of 8 years before the province retrieves the service.
  • The building of capacity to manage the service must take place within 5 years of out-sourcing the service.
  • Standardised service level agreements.
  • Cost must be according to the costing model.
  • Centre manager to manage contract.

Practice guidelines

Ref NoNormNational guidelinesProvincial guidelines
4.1Out-sourcing of part of services within secure care, or complete services within secure care, is an acceptable practice in Government.
  • Develop strategy and criteria for out-sourcing services within the secure care programme.
  • Align criteria with the costing model.
  • Develop a proforma service level agreement.
  • Communicate strategy, criteria and agreement format to provinces.
  • Monitor implementation.
  • Apply strategy and criteria for out-sourcing services within the secure care programme.
  • The costing model must inform the out-sourcing.
  • Apply prescribed service level agreement.

5. Maintenance

The building, infrastructure and all household equipment should be maintained and kept in good working order. The landscape and gardens must be cared for, neat and aesthetically pleasing at all times.

Norms and standards

Ref NoNormsReferenceStandards
5.1Well maintained centre grounds.Blue printRegular maintenance of lawns and gardens.
5.2Well maintained buildings.Blue printBuildings should be regularly painted.
5.3Household maintenance must be the responsibility of the centre.Blue printBroken furniture, windows, ablution facilities, doors, fencing and burglar bars etc. should be tended to immediately.

Practice guidelines

Ref NoNormNational guidelinesProvincial guidelines
5.1Well maintained centre grounds.Monitor implementationAppointment of a dedicated gardener or garden service.
5.2Well maintained buildings.Monitor implementationDevelop working agreement and relationship with Department of Public Works.
5.3Household maintenance must be the responsibility of the centre.Monitor implementationAppointment of dedicated maintenance personnel or service provider from the community.

6. Organisational Development

6.1 Assessment of the Environment

This refers to any assessment of the Social Environment to identify the need for the establishment of additional secure care centres.

Norms and standards

Ref NoNormsReferenceStandards
6.1Determine the need for the establishment of a secure care programme.Norms and Standards: Developmental Social Welfare Services
  • Research should be conducted to estimate the demand for a secure care facility.
  • A feasibility study must be conducted.
  • Research results must inform the development of policies and guidelines.

Practice guidelines

Ref NoNormNational guidelinesProvincial guidelines
6.1Determine the need for the establishment of a secure care programme.
  • Undertake environmental scan to determine trends in crime at least once a year.
  • Communicate the outcome to provinces.
  • Undertake research study to determine need.
  • Undertake feasibility study to determine need.
  • Plan for the establishment of the new programme.

7. Occupational Health Issues

The facility must comply with all occupational health legislation in the pursuance of their functions, and ensuring the safety of the children.

Norms and standards

Ref NoNormsReferenceStandards
7.1All reasonable provisions are made to ensure that children and personnel are safe from the risk of fire, accidents, and other hazards.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • All equipment, infrastructure and buildings should be safe for the children. (type of light fittings, doors, windows, mirrors)
  • Emergency plans are documented, up-to-date and regularly tested.
  • Fire exits are clearly marked and are visible.
  • Sufficient fire extinguishers and fire hoses are available within all buildings, as well as the outside premises, and are regularly serviced.
  • Management of keys (should not be harmful to children)
  • Emergency release buttons for doors
  • Sufficient health and safety officers should be appointed.
  • Sufficient and appropriately resourced first-aid kits should be available.
7.2All reasonable provisions are made to ensure that children are safe when making use of the pool.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • The pool may only be used under supervision of a personnel member who can swim.
  • A trained life saver should be on duty when children are swimming.
  • Pools should be covered with safety nets when it is not in use.
  • Life jackets should be provided to children who cannot swim.
  • The pool should be securely fenced off from the other recreational facilities.
  • Children, who cannot swim, must be taught how to swim.
7.3All reasonable provisions are made to ensure that personnel are safe.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • Personnel should be provided with panic buttons for use in emergencies.
  • Sufficient personnel should be trained in restraint measures.
  • All personnel, working shifts, should be trained in self defense as they leave their homes and the centre at dangerous times.
7.4All reasonable provisions are made to ensure that the whole facility is safe.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • Access into the centre must be controlled.
  • See points 18 and 3.3
  • Generator house must be locked and secured.
  • Generators to be tested and recorded once a week (off load an on load)
  • All DB Boards must be locked
7.5The facility should have access to refuse disposal services or other adequate means of disposal of refuse generated at the facility.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • Where possible refuse should be disposed of according to municipality regulations
  • Waste disposal methods should be safe and covered.
  • Waste should be kept out of reach of children.
  • Waste disposal areas should be disinfected regularly.
  • Pest control service must be rendered regularly.

Practice guidelines

Ref NoNormNational guidelinesProvincial guidelines
7.1All reasonable provisions are made to ensure that children and personnel are safe from the risk of fire, accidents, and other hazards.
  • Develop policy framework for emergency procedures
  • Communicate the policy to the provincial departments.
  • Monitor the implementation of the policy.
  • Customise national policy for emergency procedures.
  • Evacuation plan must be developed.
  • Evacuation plan well displayed at all exits and control points.
  • Emergency drill is practiced regularly with the children and staff.
  • Sufficient health and safety officers must be appointed
  • Staff and children must be trained in universal precautions.
  • Health and safety officers must be trained to manage emergency situations.
  • All staff must be trained in dealing with emergencies.
  • All personnel must be trained in first aid.
  • Emergency numbers must be clearly displayed.
  • Numbers of personnel on standby must be clearly displayed.
  • Inform the manager on duty of any emergency.
  • The centre manager, together with the provincial counter-part, must inform the parents of the injury or death of a child. (also see point 13.5 – reporting of incidents)
7.2The safety of children must be guaranteed when making use of the pool.
  • Develop policy framework for safety measures.
  • Communicate the policy to the provincial departments.
  • Monitor the implementation of the policy.
  • The pool may only be used under supervision of a personnel member who can swim.
  • A trained life saver should be on duty when children are swimming.
  • Pools should be covered with safety nets when it is not in use.
  • Life jackets should be provided to children who cannot swim.
  • The pool should be securely fenced off from the other recreational facilities.
  • Children, who cannot swim, must be taught how to swim.
7.3The safety of personnel is assured.
  • Develop policy framework for safety measures.
  • Communicate the policy to the provincial departments.
  • Monitor the implementation of the policy.
  • Personnel should be provided with panic buttons for use in emergencies.
  • Sufficient personnel should be trained in restraint measures.
  • All personnel, working shifts, should be trained in self defense as they leave their homes and the centre at dangerous times.
7.4All reasonable provisions are made to ensure that the whole facility is safe.
  • Access into the centre must be controlled.
  • See points 18 and 3.3
  • Generator house must be locked and secured.
  • Generators to be tested and recorded once a week (off load an on load)
  • All DB Boards must be locked
7.5Management of refuse disposal methods must be safe and contained.
  • Develop policy framework for the management of refuse disposal methods.
  • Communicate the policy to the provincial departments.
  • Monitor the implementation of the policy.
  • Where possible refuse should be disposed of according to municipality regulations
  • Waste disposal methods should be safe and covered.
  • Waste should be kept out of reach of children.
  • Waste disposal areas should be disinfected regularly.
  • Waste should be disposed of in a demarcated area.
  • Pest control service must be rendered regularly.

8. Community Participation

Secure care centres should become centres where children, youth and families from the surrounding communities can access a variety of programmes and resources on a daily, weekly, or ad hoc basis.

Norms and standards

Ref NoNormsReferenceStandards
8.1Communities have the right to participate in the affairs of the centre.Draft regulations under the Children's Act.
  • A governance structure is a requirement for secure care centres in terms of section 208(2)(a) of the Act.
  • Children, youth and families from the surrounding communities have access to the facility.
  • Children, youth and families from the surrounding communities

(Note: the last list item above is truncated in the source document at a page break; the remainder of the sentence is not recoverable from the visible text.)

Practice guidelines

Ref NoNormNational guidelinesProvincial guidelines
8.1Communities have the right to participate in the affairs of the centre.
  • The fair and equitable process for the appointment of board members must be prescribed.
  • The terms of reference (composition, structure, functions) for the management board must be developed and prescribed.
  • The terms of reference (composition, structure, functions) children's forum must be developed and prescribed.
  • Communicate the terms of reference for the children's forum to the provincial departments.
  • Monitor implementation of the terms of reference for the children's forum.
  • A proforma founding document/constitution for governance bodies must be developed.
  • The members of the management board must be appointed according to the process as prescribed by national department.
  • Only the MEC or a delegated officer may appoint board members.
  • The management board must be representative of all stakeholders, including the community.
  • The Management Board must be constituted according to the constitution or founding document
  • A Children's Forum must be established as a sub-structure of the Management Board.
  • A representative of this sub-structure must be appointed on the management board.
  • Provide regular reports to the management board.
  • Provide regular statistics to the management board.
  • The manager of the child and youth care centre, the social worker and a nominated child and youth care worker, have ex officio status on the governance structure.

9 Resources

9.1 Human Resources

At every level there will be appropriately trained personnel who will provide an integrated, innovative, effective, ethical and child-friendly service within a developmental culture/climate. Personnel will be committed to and model a developmental approach and they will value diversity of theory, strategies and programmes. There will be sufficient personnel at all levels; they will value and practice an inter-sectoral and team approach and because they value human resources they will give a high priority to continuous formal and informal professional and self development.

Norms and standards

Ref NoNormsReferenceStandards
9.1The management of the secure care programme must be according to an entity approach.Informed by practice and consultation at workshopsThe programme is completely self sufficient in terms of staffing, budget and decision making.
9.2The staff establishment must be according to the proforma organogram.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • The staff establishment should consist of professional, semi professional and support staff.
  • The staff establishment should provide for a dedicated centre manger.
  • The staff establishment should provide for middle management staff for every unit.
  • The staff establishment should provide for a center manager secretary.
  • The staff establishment should provide for finance personnel.
    • 1 senior admin officer (L8)
    • 1 assistant (L6)
    • 3 procurement clerks
  • The staff establishment should provide for administrative personnel.
    • 1 receptionist
    • 1 registry clerk
    • 3 laundry aids
    • 1 driver/admin
    • 1 general factotum
    • 1 admission officer
    • 1 Finance officer
    • 1 human resources officer
    • 1 transport officer
    • 1 procurement officer
  • The staff establishment should provide for social workers.
  • The staff establishment should provide for nursing personnel (24/7).
  • The staff establishment should provide for child & Youth Care Workers.
  • The staff establishment should provide for a child and youth care worker specializing in sport. (sport manager)
  • The staff establishment should provide for maintenance staff.
  • The staff establishment should provide for contracted cleaning staff.
  • The staff establishment should provide for a sessional medical doctor.
  • The staff establishment should provide for a sessional psychologist.
  • The staff establishment should provide for contracted security staff.
9.3The staff management ratio must be in line with the proforma organogram.Regulations under the Children's Act
  • Documented policy and procedures supervision.
  • 1 supervisor (L9/10) per 6 social workers.
  • Child and youth care workers must be supervised by a trained senior child and youth care worker.
9.4The case management ratio must be according to the generic norms and standards as contained in the TCYCS.TCYCS
  • 1 social worker per 30 children
  • 1 child care worker to 8 children for day shift.
  • 1 child care worker to 20 children for night shift
  • One psychologist per 60 children.
9.5Persons not permissible to work with children.Children's Amendment Act 2007.
  • Persons posing a risk to the safety of children should not be permitted to work in secure care centres.
  • Persons convicted of murder, attempted murder, rape, indecent assault or assault with the intent to do grievous bodily harm is unfit to work with children.
  • No person who's name appear in Part B of the Child Protection
9.6Staff must be managed according to management practices.National Norms and Minimum Standards for Home and Community Based Care (HCBC) and Support Programme
  • A comprehensive human resource management policy.
    • A procedure for recruitment, selection, engagement and disengagement of personnel is in place.
    • Written documentation that outlines recruitment, job descriptions, code of conduct and exit strategies for all personnel must be in place.
    • All personnel have written job descriptions and signed contracts that are regularly reviewed by management.
    • A comprehensive orientation programme is in place.
    • A comprehensive induction programme is in place.
    • Lines of accountability and responsibilities are documented and clear.
    • Documented disciplinary policy.
    • Documented policy and procedures in place for rules, code of conduct and ethics.
    • There is documented policy and procedures in place for staff grievances.
    • Documented policy for conditions of services.
9.7Competent staff is appointed in all occupational categories.Informed by practice and consultation at workshopsStaff have correct qualification for their job function.
9.8A human resource development programme based on the provincial human resource strategy.Draft regulations under the Children's Act.
  • The facility has appropriately qualified, skilled and supervised staff to deliver the best possible service.
  • Staff is empowered to deliver services in an ethical manner.
  • The centre has a documented, up-to-date training and capacity building strategy/policy and plan for all personnel.
  • Performance management system applicable to all staff.
9.9The emotional, mental health and crisis related needs of staff are recognized.
  • Draft Bereavement Policy of DSD
  • Policy on the Management of sexual harassment for NDSD,
  • Employee Health and Wellness Policy of DSD.
A documented policy for the EAP.
9.10Secure care programme is a 24/7 service.Informed by practice and consultation at workshopsDeclaration as an essential service.

Practice guidelines

Ref NoNormNational guidelinesProvincial guidelines
9.1The management of the secure care programme must be according to an entity approach.
  • Approve and prescribe a proforma organogram.
  • Develop a costing model to inform provincial budgets for secure care.
  • Approve and prescribe the human resource strategy for secure care programmes.
  • Communicate the proforma organogram and costing model to the provinces.
  • Monitor the implementation of the proforma organogram and costing model.
  • Implement the proforma organogram.
  • Implement the costing model.
  • Implement the human resource strategy.
9.2The staff establishment must be according to the proforma organogram.
  • Approve and prescribe a proforma organogram.
  • Communicate organogram to the provinces.
  • Monitor the implementation of the organogram.
  • The staff establishment must consist of professional, semi professional and support staff.
  • The staff establishment must provide for a dedicated centre manger.
  • The staff establishment must provide for middle management staff for every unit.
  • The staff establishment must provide for a center manager secretary.
  • The staff establishment must provide for finance personnel.
    • 1 senior admin officer (L8)
    • 1 assistant (L6)
    • 3 procurement clerks
  • The staff establishment must provide for administrative personnel.
    • 1 receptionist
    • 1 registry clerk
    • 3 laundry aids
    • 1 driver/admin
    • 1 general factotum
    • 1 admission officer
    • 1 Finance officer
    • 1 human resources officer
    • 1 transport officer
    • 1 procurement officer
  • The staff establishment must provide for social workers.
  • The staff establishment must provide for nursing personnel on a shift basis.
  • The staff establishment must provide for child & Youth Care Workers.
  • The staff establishment must provide for a child and youth care worker specializing in sport. (sport manager)
  • The staff establishment must provide for maintenance staff.
  • The staff establishment must provide for contracted cleaning staff.
  • The staff establishment must provide for a sessional medical doctor.
  • The staff establishment must provide for a sessional psychologist.
  • The staff establishment must provide for contracted security staff.
9.3The staff management ratio must be in line with the proforma organogram.
  • Prescribe the norms and standards for staff management ratio.
    • 1 supervisor (L9/10) per 6 social workers.
    • 1 control care worker to 6 senior child and youth care worker.
    • 1 senior care worker to 6 Child and youth care workers.
    • Must be supervised by a trained senior child and youth care worker.
  • Communicate the staff management ratio to the provinces.
  • Monitor the implementation of the staff management ratio.
  • Implement the prescribed the norms and standards for the staff management ratio.
  • Documented policy and procedures for supervision
9.4The case management ratio must be according to the generic norms and standards as contained in the TCYCS.
  • Prescribe the norms and standards for staff management ratio.
    • 1 supervisor (L9/10) per 6 social workers.
    • 1 control care worker to 6 senior child and youth care worker.
    • 1 senior care worker to 6 Child and youth care workers.
    • Must be supervised by a trained senior child and youth care worker.
  • Communicate the staff management ratio to the provinces.
  • Monitor the implementation of the staff management ratio.
Implement the prescribed the norms and standards for the case management
9.5Persons not permissible to work with children.
  • Define persons not permissible to work with children according to the Children's Act
  • Develop a policy to define the screening process of all staff that is linked to the Child Protection Register and any other applicable registers.
  • Persons posing a risk to the safety of children should not be permitted to work in secure care centres.
  • Persons convicted of murder, attempted murder, rape, indecent assault or assault with the intent to do grievous bodily harm is unfit to work with children.
  • No person who's name appear in Part B of the Child Protection register may work with children.
  • Particulars of any person found unsuitable to work with children must be completed on form substantially corresponding with Form 26.
  • Notification of finding any person unsuitable to work with children must be completed on form substantially corresponding with Form 27.
9.6Staff must be managed according to management practices.
  • Develop a human resource management plan for secure care programmes.
  • Communicate the human resource management plan
  • Monitor the implementation of the human resource management plan.
  • Implement provincial performance management system.
  • Develop a human resource plan based on the proforma organogram.
  • Develop a recruitment and selection plan.
  • In addition to any requirements contained in any other law relating to the appointment of personnel, the following requirements must be adhered to:
    • The position must be advertised in at least one national newspaper
    • the names and curricula vitarum submitted must be screened by the interviewing panel that will interview the candidate
    • The shortlist of candidates must be subjected to thorough reference checking.
  • The interviewing panel must be appointed by the management board and must include:
    • at least two members of the board of management
    • at least one member who has a qualification in child and youth care
    • A community representative from the community where the child and youth care centre is situated.
  • Individual records of personnel are kept safe providing detail information such as signed engagement contracts, role description, training and development plan, curriculum vitae, copy of identity document, performance management and up-to-date work plans.
  • The performance of all staff is appropriately managed.
  • There is documented policy and procedures in place for work performance appraisal.
  • There is documented policy and procedures in place for corrective action to be taken if performance goals are not met.
  • There is documented policy and procedures in place for promotions.
  • Career pathing for personnel on all levels (horizontally & vertically)
  • Conduct a performance appraisal.
  • Implement corrective measure if performance goals are not met.
  • Develop a compensation structure.
  • Staff to utilise appropriate mechanisms, e.g. labour, drop-inn boxes etc to voice dissatisfaction and grievances
9.7Competent staff is appointed in all occupational categories.Regulations under the Children's Act
  • The manager must have specialized knowledge of child and youth care.
  • The manager must have knowledge and experience of the secure care programme
  • Social workers must have the necessary qualification.
  • Social workers must be registered with the SACSSP.
  • Social workers must have knowledge and experience in the context of residential care and the design of programmes for residential care.
  • 2 Nursing sisters, one of them to have qualification in psychiatry
  • Child and youth care staff should hold at least a post-matric qualification in child and youth care work and where possible a degree or diploma.
  • Statutory registered child and youth care workers are required to have undergone accredited training.
  • Child and youth care workers must be registered with the SACSSP.
9.8A human resource development programme based on the provincial human resource strategy.
  • Develop a human resource development plan for secure care programmes.
  • Communicate the human resource development plan.
  • Monitor the implementation of the human resource development plan.
  • Develop a training and capacity building framework and plan.
  • There is documented policy and procedures in place for external and internal training.
  • All support personnel are required to undergo basic training to understand the context of residential care.
  • The centre has a documented, up-to-date staff development programme.
  • Develop a comprehensive orientation programme.
  • Develop a comprehensive induction programme.
9.9The emotional, mental health and crisis related needs of staff are recognized.Refer to HR strategy.
  • Employees are provided with "Employee Assistance Programmes".
  • All referrals to the programme must be treated confidentially and privately.
  • Employees are kept informed about the program and how to access its services.
  • Managers and supervisors are provided with education on matters related to the program and informed of their responsibility to refer employees with work performance and personal problems.
  • Employees involved in critical incidents because of the nature of their work must be provided with a stress debriefing session as soon as possible after such an incident.
  • Employees must be referred to external services if the need exists.
  • Regular team building and support groups to discuss problems and issues related to staff members' work.
9.10Secure care programme is a 24/7 service.Declaration as an essential service.
  • Define the essential posts.
  • Follow labour relations procedures with regard to essential services.

10. Professional services

Services to children must be holistic and comprehensive, and inter-sectoral collaboration must be pursued in the upholding of the children's right to education and health services and any other service that a child may need, whilst being contained.

Norms and standards

Ref NoNormsReferenceStandards
10.1Each child is unconditionally provided with appropriate and relevant health care.Minimum Standards for the South African Child and Youth Care System.
  • A registered nurse is available on a full-time basis to tend to day-to-day illnesses and injuries.
  • Medication can only be administered by a registered nurse or under the supervision of a registered nurse in line with health policy.
  • Storage, control, accountability, inspection and documentation of medicines must be done according to statutory and professional requirements.
  • Medical attention, provided by a medical doctor, must be obtained for children showing signs of serious illness or injury. A medical doctor must be consulted within 72 hours if needed.
  • The center always has access to emergency medical health care services.
  • The centre has access to ambulance services in emergencies.
  • The centre has access to a psychologist for mental health care practitioner on a sessional basis.
  • The center has access to emergency mental health care.
  • The centre has access to a dentist for dental health care.
  • Disposal of medical waste in line with health policy.
10.2Each child is unconditionally provided with appropriate and relevant education.Minimum Standards for the South African Child and Youth Care System
  • Children receive education suitable to their capacity, circumstances, and developmental need and are given assistance to make effective use of the education provided.
  • The education programme must consist of formal schooling, accredited vocational training and life skills programmes.
  • Children in educational programmes must be supervised at all times.
  • Educators should be available during school holidays for the holiday and other programmes

Practice guidelines

Ref NoNormNational guidelinesProvincial guidelines
10.1Each child is unconditionally provided with appropriate and relevant health care.
  • Prescribe the type and level of health service within the secure care programme.
  • MOU must be developed with the national Department of Health to provide health care services to children in secure care programmes.
  • MOU must be developed with local and provincial hospital to fast track the treatment of children.
  • After identifying children who are ill, the illness or problem should be reported to supervisor, centre manager for treatment purposes.
  • Inform the parent, caregiver or family as soon as possible.
  • The child should be removed from other children to a safe space or room designated to care of ill children.
  • All children assessed to have an infectious disease should be immediately isolated from other children and referred to the nearest public health care centre for further assessment and treatment.
  • If a child is already on some prescribed medication, that child should receive medication as prescribed.
  • In cases of emergency the child should be taken to the nearest health facility for treatment and appropriate referrals.
10.2Each child is unconditionally provided with appropriate and relevant education.
  • MOU must be developed with regard to the ratio of teachers to students, the availability of remedial teachers and the curriculum
  • MOU must be developed with regard to the ratio of vocational instructors to students and the curriculum for ABET and skills development.
  • Provide infrastructure run the programme.
  • Absorb the education programme into the holistic programme provided at the centre.

11. Management and Leadership

The programme must be managed according to business principles. Leadership of the programme must be from a team perspective, but steeped in strong management discipline.

Norms and standards

Ref NoNormsReferenceStandards
11.1Relationship between national, province and programme.Informed by practice and consultation at workshopsAn interface mechanism between national and province and between province and centre.
11.2Management and leadership within the centre must be augmented by input and support from the provincial/regional office.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • Structured monthly Management meetings between the centre and the provincial office
  • Attendance at diverse forums (e.g. child justice-, case flow management meeting)
Ref NoNormsReferenceStandards
11.3Strategic management and planning processes to guide service delivery, development, growth and measure performance.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • Strategic management plan aligned to provincial 5-year plan.
  • The plan aligned to MTEF cycle and prescriptions.
11.4Leadership is provided to enhance service delivery.Informed by practice and consultation at workshopsManagement is trained and empowered to improve service delivery within their respective units.
11.5All resources are appropriately organized and managed.Informed by practice and consultation at workshopsManagement of HR resources, financial resources, asset management, administrative resources and organisational development forms part of the centre manager's performance contract.
11.6All social service interventions must be subjected to supervision for the purpose of support, educational and administration.Informed by practice and consultation at workshopsSupervision should take place at least once per month for 60 minutes.
11.7Competencies for managementRegulations under the Children's ActThe manager must have proven leadership abilities.
The manager must have proven financial skills
The manager must be able to demonstrate management and administration skills.
11.8Management systemChildren's Act
  • The prescribed responsibilities in the Children's Act inform the manager's job description.
  • The prescribed responsibilities in the Children's Act inform the board's management responsibilities.

Practice guidelines

Ref NoNormNational guidelinesProvincial guidelines
11.1Relationship between national, province and programme.
  • Define the terms of reference for the relationship between national and province.
  • Define the terms of reference for the relationship between province and programme.
11.2Management and leadership within the centre must be augmented by input and support from the provincial/regional office.
  • Prescribe the relationship between the national and provincial department.
  • Prescribe the relationship framework between the provincial department and the programme.
  • The inter-face relationship structure as outlined in the Blue Print must be adhered to.
  • Roles responsibilities and expectations must be clearly identified.
  • Terms of reference and structure to be outlined
  • This arrangement must be documented, and a copy forwarded to National Department of Social Development-Directorate SCP
11.3Strategic management and planning processes to guide service delivery, development, growth and measure performance.
  • Each facility must undergo an annual planning process.
  • The budget for the programme and operations must be aligned to the strategy.
  • Each unit head must develop their business plan with a budget annually.
  • The unit business plans must inform the facility business plan, which in turn must inform the strategy, which should in turn inform the strategy of the Provincial Directorate.
  • Develop centre specific strategic plan.
  • The plan should be aligned to district/provincial plan.
  • Develop annual centre specific business plan.
  • Unit operational Plans to inform business plans
  • Quarterly report to evaluate progress.
  • Annual evaluation
11.4Leadership is provided to enhance service delivery.Management and Leadership specific training programme must be developed nationally.
  • Conduct a skills audit.
  • Develop a human resource development plan for management.
  • Centre Managers must within a specific period of time after appointment undergo this leadership training.
  • All manages must sign a performance contract with clear outcomes for the period.
  • Centre Managers must have a career path developed for them.
  • Management must cascade the training down to the next line of management in order to full their role of empowerment, coaching and mentoring.
11.5All resources are appropriately organized and managed.
  • The job description of the centre manager must include the management of HR resources, financial resources, asset management, administrative resources and organisational development
11.6All social service interventions must be subjected to supervision for the purpose of support, educational and administration.Develop a framework for the Manger's practice guideline.
  • The centre manager must develop a Manger's practice guideline.
  • The centre manager must oversee supervision of staff takes place.
11.7Competencies for management
  • A centre manager must be trained in generic management practices.
  • Annual evaluation
11.8Management system
  • The manager of the centre has specific responsibilities:
    • The manager of a child and youth care centre is responsible for all day to day decisions in the child and youth care centre.
    • The manager must make major decisions in consultation with a management team made up of senior staff members from various disciplines.
    • The management team and the management board must strive for a co-operative relationship characterised by openness and trust.
    • The management team and the management board must strive for a co-operative relationship characterised by openness and trust.
  • The management board of the centre has specific responsibilities:
    • The must review major policy decisions being made by management but may not interfere with the day to day running of the child and youth care centre.
    • If the board is of the view that the management has made or plans to make a major decision that might be harmful to a child or to all the children in the centre, it may call upon the manager to explain the rationale for such decision, and may provide advice.
    • If after explanation of a decision and after further efforts to resolve the issues internally, the board remains unsatisfied, the board may forward in writing its concern, together with the manager's explanation, and an account of efforts made to resolve the issues internally, to the provincial head of social development, or the registration holder.

12. Stock

Adequate and appropriate stock to meet at least the basic needs of children.
Children must be given sufficient food, clothing and other essentials to meet their daily living needs.

Norms and standards

Ref NoNormsReferenceStandards
12.1Adequate provisions for the needs of children must be made in terms of linen, toiletries, personal hygiene, clothing and foodInformed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • At all times children must be supplied with linen, toiletries, personal hygiene, clothing and food to meet their needs.
  • Control mechanism for the issuing of all stock.
12.2Adequate provisions must be made for maintaining the centre in a clean and hygienic manner.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • The centre must be clean and hygienic at all times.
  • Control mechanism for the issuing of all stock.
12.3Provisions must be made for adequate medical supplies as prescribed.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • Medical supplies as prescribed.
  • Control mechanism for the issuing of all stock.

Practice guidelines

Ref NoNormNational guidelinesProvincial guidelines
12.1Adequate provisions for the needs of children must be made in terms of linen, personal hygiene, clothing, food
  • Prescribe minimum provisions.
  • Communicate minimum provisions.
  • Monitor the implementation of minimum provisions.
  • Every child should receive one set of linen upon admission.
  • The following linen should be supplied in summer:
    • 2 summer sheets
    • 1 pillow
    • 1 pillow case
    • 1 blanket/duvet
  • The following linen should be supplied in winter (depending on climate where centre is located):
    • 2 winter sheets
    • 1 pillow
    • 1 pillow case
    • 2 blankets or 1 duvet and 1 blanket.
  • The linen should be changed on a weekly basis.
  • The linen should be changed every time the child goes to court.
  • One towel and one face cloth should be supplied to every child.
  • Children are allowed to keep their facecloth and not return it to the centre upon release
  • The towel should be changed on a weekly basis or be changed every time the child goes to court.
  • All children should have access to shampoo and conditioner/moisturizer.
  • All children must be issued with an appropriate comb/brush upon admission.
    • Boys should have access to an appropriate hair clipper.
    • Equipment must be appropriately sterilized after every child.
  • Boys should have access to safe shaving equipment.
  • Children must not be allowed to share a razor blade!
  • Girls should have access to a hair dryer and to hair care products.
  • Toiletries should be supplied to every child upon admission.
    • 1 bar of bath soap
    • 1 toothbrush
    • Toothpaste
    • Roll on and facial cream
    • Aqueous Cream/body lotion (consider sensitivity)
    • Toilet paper
  • Girls must be supplied with adequate sanitary towels.
  • Boys should be supplied with the following clothing upon admission in summer:
    • 2 boxer shorts/briefs
    • 2 pairs of socks
    • 1 set of summer pajamas
    • 2 T-shirts
    • 2 Jeans
    • 1 set of school uniform
    • Tracksuit
    • Jersey
    • Sandals.
    • Closed, comfortable shoes
  • Boys should be supplied with the following additional clothing upon admission in winter:
    • 1 set of winter pajamas
    • Beanie
    • Jacket
    • Tekkies
    • Jersey
  • Girls should be supplied with the following clothing upon admission in summer:
    • 3 panties
    • 3 brassieres
    • 2 pairs of socks
    • 2 shirts
    • 2 T-shirt
    • 2 Jeans
    • 1 set of school uniform
    • Tracksuit
    • Jersey
    • 1 set of summer pajamas
    • Sandals
    • Closed shoes
    • Cycling shorts
  • Girls should be supplied with the following additional clothing in winter:
    • Jacket
    • Beanie
    • Sandals
    • 1 set of winter pajamas
    • Socks
    • Jersey
  • Sufficient dry foods to prepare food for 3 weeks.
  • Sufficient perishable food to prepare food for a week.
  • All children must have access to washing powder/soap for personal laundry.
12.2Adequate provisions must be made for maintaining the centre in a clean and hygienic manner.
  • Cleaning detergents must be available
  • The following detergents must be available in the laundry:
    • Washing powder
    • Fabric softener
    • Stain remover
12.3Provisions must be made for adequate medical supplies as prescribed.
  • All medication must be secured in a lockable cabinet as prescribed per schedules.

Organisational enablers

13. Administration and management systems

All policies and procedures must be documented and made available to all staff members.

Norms and standards

Ref NoNormsReferenceStandards
13.1Children are admitted to the centre in accordance with statutory provisions and the relevant documentation to authorize placement.Draft regulations under the Children's Act.
  • A legal detention order, body receipt and assessment report are the statutory documents that allow placement of a child at a SCC.
  • A medical certificate, birth certificate, identity document or affidavit providing information about the child's age must be furnished upon admission of the child.
13.2Children are admitted in accordance with the procedural guidelines of the centre.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • An admissions register reflecting all the important essential information is kept at registry.
  • An allocation register with the necessary information is maintained at registry
13.3Service delivery activities are recorded and documented to ensure regular monitoring, evaluation and quality of care.
  • Draft regulations under the Children's Act.
  • Diversion Norms & Standards
  • ISDM for ratios
  • Every child has his/her own permanent file in which all
    • social work interventions
    • life space / child care interventions
    • health related interventions
    • psychological interventions
    • occupational therapy
    • Educational interventions are recorded.
  • Each file must contain:
    • Assessment
    • Intervention plan
    • Progress reports
    • Evaluation
  • A centralized location at each SCC
  • An access system to the filing system.
  • Current file must be kept for 5 years and then destroyed.
  • Every group must have a permanent file to record all group processes.
  • Ensure regular monitoring, evaluation and quality of care.
  • All confidential records (personnel, financial and client) are held in a secure place (preferably lock up steel cabinets or a safe) accessible only to relevant staff and protected from fire.
  • Closed files are located in a strong room/lockable steel filing cabinet.
  • The case manager is the social worker.
  • Information is managed by the social worker who has access to the entire file.
  • Other members of the multi-disciplinary team have access to their own work in the main file through the clerk.
  • All role players who have access to the child's private file must sign a confidentiality pact with the institution.
13.4The behaviour of all children is recorded and documented to ensure regular monitoring, evaluation and quality of care.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • Incident Book records the behavior of children.
  • An Incident Book is kept by child care workers.
  • Critical behavioural incidents and the disciplinary actions are documented in a Behaviour Management Register.
  • Transgressions of the rules are reported by the professional and/or care staff to the management team at daily meetings.
13.5Critical and reportable incidents are documented in accordance with relevant legislation and policy.Children's Amendment Act, 41 of 2007
Costing of the children's strategic plan and framework		Critical and reportable incidents are recorded and reported by the centre manager to the parent or guardian of the child, the police official and the provincial head of Department of Social Development and the social worker dealing with the matter.
13.6Children must receive proper health care services.Costing of the children's strategic plan and frameworkPolicy and procedure for the health care of children.
13.7The release of children from the centre is documented.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • A register detailing the movement of children back to court and released from the centre is maintained.
  • The care plan and IDP of children transferred to other residential programmes (e.g. reform schools) is transferred to the next placement.
  • A progress report is submitted to the probation officer and court after completion of the diversion programme.
13.8The movement of children is managed and facilitated.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • The movement of persons over the age of 18 years is facilitated and managed.
  • The movement of children with cases pending longer than six months is facilitated.
  • The following forums (Case Flow Management and PCJF) will monitor the process
  • The movement of children awaiting designation of a reform school is facilitated.
13.9Standardised forms are implemented to ensure quality and uniform service delivery.Informed by practice and consultation at workshopsThe following standardized forms are implemented:
  • Assessment form
  • Process note
  • Care plan
  • IDP
  • Progress report
13.10Standardised registers are implemented to ensure quality and uniform service delivery.Informed by practice and consultation at workshopsThe following standardized registers are implemented:
  • Admission register
  • Allocation register
  • Behaviour management register
  • Incident book
  • Reportable incidents
  • Release register
13.11Supply chain management to be executed in accordance with provincial policy.Informed by practice and consultation at workshopsProvincial policy must inform supply chain management processes.
13.12Children have a right to their own clothes which are clean and in an acceptable condition.Informed by practice and consultation at workshopsA documented procedure manual in place for the laundry system.
13.13Administrative system inclusive of all policies and procedures, in line with provincial policy.Informed by practice and consultation at workshopsThere is a documented procedure manual in place for administration processes.
13.14Provincial transport policy to inform the use of official vehicles.Transport policyThere is a documented procedure manual in place for the use of vehicles aligned with the provincial policy.

Practice guidelines

Ref NoNormNational guidelinesProvincial guidelines
13.1Children are admitted to the centre in accordance with statutory provisions and the relevant documentation to authorize placement.Develop admission policy.
  • Customise admission policy and formats.
13.2Children are admitted in accordance with the procedural guidelines of the centre.Develop admission procedures and formats.
  • Customise admission procedures.
  • A court order (J7) must accompany the child to the centre.
  • A body receipt (from SAPS) must accompany the child to the centre.
  • The assessment report from the probation officer must be faxed to the centre prior to the child being brought to the centre.
  • A medical certificate must be furnished upon admission of the child.
  • If a medical certificate is not furnished, the centre should arrange for an examination as soon as possible.
  • Children must be photographed upon admission for identification purposes.
  • An Admission Registers (manual or electronic) is kept at the administrative office.
  • The Admission register should reflect the following details:
    • Identifying particulars of the child;
    • The offence charged with;
    • The next court appearance; and
    • The identifying particulars of parents/guardians
  • An Allocation register is kept at the administrative office.
  • The Allocation Register should reflect the following details:
    • The name of the child;
    • The room number to which the child is allocated; and
    • The name of social worker managing the case.
13.3Service delivery activities are recorded and documented to ensure regular monitoring, evaluation and quality of care.
  • Develop policy on the recording of all interventions
  • Customise the policy to ensure:
    • Individual case management.
    • Health management (medical and psychological).
    • Group work.
    • Developmental programmes (OT).
    • Care programme (child care workers)
13.4The behaviour of all children is recorded and documented to ensure regular monitoring, evaluation and quality of care.
  • Develop a policy directive to define non-acceptable and critical behavior.
  • Develop a policy directive for the behavior management. The following behaviour management actions are prohibited:
    • Group punishment.
    • Threats of removal, or removal from the programme.
    • Humiliation or ridicule.
    • Physical punishment.
    • Deprivation of basic rights and needs.
    • Denial of contact with family or significant others.
    • Isolation.
    • Restraint.
    • Assignment of inappropriate or excessive work.
    • Verbal, emotional or physical harm.
    • Punishment by another child.
    • Isolation is allowed as an immediate safety measure for no more than 2 hours and under strict adherence to all other minimum standards.
    • Restraint can only be administered by trained personnel. This action must be documented.
  • Develop a policy directive for the use of seclusion and restraint, inclusive of:
    • Isolation is allowed as an immediate safety measure for no more than 2 hours and under strict conditions.
    • Restraint can only be administered by trained personnel. This action must be documented.
    • A child may be isolated from other children, only if he or she cannot be managed and is deemed to be a danger to himself or herself or others, for a very limited period of no longer than two hours, for the purposes of providing support and giving him or her time to regain control and dignity.
    • Any child isolated from other children must be under the constant observation of a social worker or child and youth care worker or psychologist, and must be provided with physical care, emotional support and counseling which assists in re-integration into the group as soon as possible.
    • No child may be isolated or locked up as a form of discipline or punishment.
    • The room where a child is isolated may not be a bathroom or toilet, a windowless room, a basement room, vault or store-room.
  • Develop policy and procedure for the handling of:
    • Incident Book.
    • Behaviour management register
  • The Incident Book must be handed over from shift to shift.
  • The Incident Book should be kept by the Senior Child and Youth Care Worker.
  • Develop policy and procedure for the handling of the Behaviour Management Register.
  • The management team has Behaviour Management meetings on a daily basis.
  • The Behaviour Management Register must reflect the following:
    • Name of the child
    • Details of behavior
    • Corrective measure meted out
  • A register must be maintained which records details and reasons for and period of a child's isolation, together with a report on the support and counseling provided and the response of the child during the period of isolation.
13.5Critical and reportable incidents are documented in accordance with relevant legislation and policy.
  • Develop a policy directive to define critical and reportable incidents.
  • Reportable incidents include the following:
    • Removal or attempted removal of a child by unauthorized persons.
    • Any situation in which restraint, isolation or prohibited behaviour management measures are used.
    • Allegations of physical, emotional, sexual or verbal abuse.
    • Absence of a child from the centre without permission.
    • Intervention by security personnel or the SAPS.
    • The death or injury of a child.
    • Criminal charges/conviction of any person involved with the centre.
    • Any substance abuse by personnel while on duty.
Develop the process to implement the policy directive.
13.6Children must receive proper health care services.
  • Define the level of health care services that must be provided.
  • Cost these services.
  • Develop, implement and budget for the services as prescribed.
  • The following procedures should be in place:
    • Admission criteria for identifying ill children.
    • Safe keeping of all medication at the centre.
    • Procedures for dealing with children who are ill.
    • Guidelines for preventing spread of diseases at the centre.
    • Referrals to provincial hospitals.
    • MOU with the provincial hospital.
13.7The release of children from the centre is documented.Procedure is developed for the release of children from the programme.
13.8Re-admission of children who absconded from the centre occurs in line with current and relevant legislation.Develop frameworks for procedure for the re-admission of children to the programme.Customise and implement framework.
13.9Standardised forms are implemented to ensure quality and uniform service delivery.Develop frameworks for standardized formsCustomise and implement framework.
13.10Standardised registers are implemented to ensure quality and uniform service delivery.Develop frameworks for standardized registersCustomise and implement framework.
13.11Supply chain management to be executed in accordance with provincial policy.
  • Customise provincial policy and procedure for supply chain management.
  • Maintain the inventory system.
13.12Children have a right to their own clothes which are clean and in an acceptable condition.Refer to care programme.
13.13Administrative system inclusive of all policies and procedures, in line with provincial policy.Refer to care programme.
  • Customise provincial policy and procedure for administration processes, inclusive of:
    • Management of photo copier.
    • Management of E-mail.
    • Management of cell phones
    • Management of use of stationary
    • Management of use of telephone by staff.
    • Management of use of telephone by children.
13.14Provincial transport policy to inform the use of official vehicles.
  • Develop a framework for the transportation of children, inclusive of:
    • Strict safety measures should be in place when children are transported, ensuring that all transport operators are registered, suitably trained and qualified and possesses a valid drivers' license and permits as prescribed by the National transport legislation, policies and regulations.
  • Customise the national framework.
  • All vehicles transporting children should be safe, in good condition and adhere to the requirements as periodically published by the Minister of Transport.

14. Information Management

In order for the system to be able to respond to changing needs it is necessary for the state to ensure that statistics are gathered pertaining to all aspects of the system. Through analysis of such data the system can "learn" and adapt.

Norms and standards

Ref NoNormsReferenceStandards
14.1Information management system for services to children.Operational norms and standards for child care and protection
  • A Management Information System (MIS) for services to children that is integrated with the MIS for Social Welfare Services.
  • Information management system at national, provincial and centre level.
14.2Information flow between national, province, programme and other departments.
National and Provincial Secure care (IAS and CYCA) and Probation Services Management systems must be established and maintained by DSD.		Operational norms and standards for child care and protection
  • Information management system at national, provincial and centre level.
14.3Collection and collation of statistics for decision-making.Norms and Standards for in-patient treatment
  • Information management system at provincial and centre level.

Practice guidelines

Ref NoNormNational guidelinesProvincial guidelines
14.1Information management system for services to children.
  • Define and develop a MIS for services to children with the following minimum functionality:
    • Database of all relevant legislation, policies, regulations, guidelines and norms & standards.
    • National register of programmes for children.
    • Database of all service providers to children.
    • Database of all registered institutions providing partial and alternative care.
    • Confidential database of offenders.
  • Maintenance of the IMS
  • Implement the system as prescribed.
  • Develop procedures for the collecting and collating of information.
  • Maintenance of the MIS.
14.2Information flow between national, province, programme and other departments.
National and Provincial Secure care (IAS and CYCA) and Probation Services Management systems must be established and maintained by DSD.
  • National to develop a MOU and protocols with all stakeholders.
  • DSD to install and maintain the system.
  • It must be functional and monitored.
  • The user should be well informed on the program and necessary training to be provided.
  • Have a backup system that is continuously updated for emergency purposes.
  • Central data control system.
  • All stakeholders must be linked to the system.
  • DSD to install and maintain the system.
  • It must be functional, monitored and the user should be well informed on the program and necessary training to be provided.
  • Have a backup system that is continuously updated for emergency purposes.
  • Central data control system.
  • Confidentiality of information should always be a priority.
  • Staff member forwarding the information should be identified and should become part of job profile.
14.3Collection and collation of statistics for decision-making.
  • Define a system for the collection and collation of statistics, inclusive of but not limited to:
    • Number of admissions per gender
    • Crime categories
    • Number of released children per gender
    • Number of assessments done.
    • Number of children sentenced
    • Children awaiting designation.
    • Critical incidents.
      • Serious injury
      • Abuse
      • Dearth
    • Length of stay
    • Number of children awaiting trial for longer than six months.
    • Abscondments.
    • Children over the age of 18 years.
    • Profile of children.
    • Profile of offences committed.
    • Foreign national children (unaccompanied and accompanied)

15. Services to beneficiaries

15.1 Caring environment

The environment and resources at a secure care centre should be of such a nature that it provides in the basic care of children.

Norms and standards

Ref NoNormsReferenceStandards
15.1A child, who is contained, has a right to the same quality of care as other children.Regulations of the Children's ActBasic needs of children must be met, according to the prescriptions.

Practice guidelines

Ref NoNormNational guidelinesProvincial guidelines
15.1A child, who is contained, has a right to the same quality of care as other children.
  • The basic needs of children must be met:
  • Shelter – see infrastructure
  • Food
    • Develop a balanced menu plan.
    • Menu and portion size planned by dietician
    • Children should receive 3 meals and 2 snacks per day.
    • Cultural and religious beliefs must be taken into consideration
  • Water – see infrastructure
  • Sanitation – see infrastructure
  • Clothing – see stock
  • The Department of Public Works and the maintenance personnel should ensure that the premises inside and outside should be safe, free from harmful objects, clean and well maintained.
  • Cleaning personnel should ensure children are accommodated in a clean environment.
  • Children are assisted with practical access to legal counsel.
  • Children are provided with a private space to consult with their legal counsel.

16. Transitional Planning

All services to children must be planned, and each stage of the process of planning must add value to the development of the child. An appropriate developmental assessment must be conducted as the key to decision making, programme referral and individual planning around the young person and his/her future.

Norms and standards

Ref NoNormsReferenceStandards
16.1Every child has the right to have his/her dignity respected and protected.Minimum Standards for the South African Child and Youth Care System
  • Children are received in a manner and into a climate which is caring and safe, and which minimizes trauma and maximizes developmental opportunity during the admission process.
  • The age, gender, sexual orientation and any form of disabilities should be considered upon admission.
16.2Children must be exposed to professionalism at all times.Informed by practice and consultation at workshopsEvery engagement with the child must be conducted professionally.
16.3A child is assisted to adjust to the programme in the least obtrusive and traumatic manner.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • Children are received by a social worker or experienced child care worker.
  • Children are orientated to the resources, routines and rules of the programme.
  • Special provision to be made for the reception of children with disabilities or special needs.
16.4A child has the right to continuity of care within the centre.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • The social worker must interview the child within 24 hours of admission.
  • The social worker must also ascertain a record of services which the child has received.
  • The developmental assessment must be conducted within two weeks of admission.
  • Developmental assessment must be conducted by at least two multi-disciplinary team members.
  • Children and their families/significant others must participate in the assessment process.
  • The medical assessment must be conducted within 24 hours of admission or immediately if there is a need.
  • Each child must be assessed by a child and youth care worker.
  • Children showing signs of psychological problems must be assessed by a psychologist within 72 hours.
  • The care plan is developed within 6 weeks after admission.
  • The care plan must be explained to the parents/significant others and copy provided to them.
  • Review of the care plan every 3 months.
  • IDP drafted by team from the developmental assessment within 3 weeks of the care plan.
  • Review of the IDP every 3 months.
  • The child's intervention plan must be in accordance to the developmental assessment, care plan and IDP.
  • The Care Plan should accompany the child which will allow for continuation
16.5A child has the right to continuity of care after release from the centre.Minimum Standards of the Child and Youth Care System
  • Children are provided with sufficient information regarding their immediate future, their next placement, or the next step in their Care Plan.
  • Children are linked with resources after release from the centre.
  • The social worker must make the first appointment with the external professional before the child is released.
16.6The movement of children is managed and facilitated.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • The movement of persons over the age of 18 years is facilitated and managed.
  • The movement of children with cases pending longer than six months is facilitated.
  • The following forums (Case Flow Management and Provincial Child Justice Forum) will monitor the process.
  • The movement of children awaiting designation of a reform school is facilitated.
16.7Re-admission of children who absconded from the centre occurs in line with current and relevant legislation.Informed by practice and consultation at workshopsMaintain a register for children who abscond.

Practice guidelines

Ref NoNormNational guidelinesProvincial guidelines
16.1Every child has the right to have his/her dignity respected and protected.
  • The social worker or senior child care worker must be available for the admission of children to the programme.
  • The child should be escorted to his/her room.
  • Children are engaged by the social worker/child care worker within two to three hours after arrival.
  • The social worker and care worker must assist the child in adjusting to the new environment in terms of their different roles.
16.2Children must be exposed to professionalism at all times.Every engagement with the child must be conducted professionally.
16.3A child is assisted to adjust to the programme in the least obtrusive and traumatic manner.
  • An appropriate orientation programme is provided to all children.
  • Children are introduced to the personnel.
  • Children are informed about who their case manager is and given information on access to the case manager.
  • Children are provided with information regarding the centre's expectations.
  • Children receive information regarding the centre rules, their rights, their responsibilities and resources available, including search practices of property and the self.
  • Children receive information on routines of the centre.
16.4A child has the right to continuity of care.
  • The social worker must ensure that there is continuity of care for the children and that they understand the link between the previous circumstances, the present placement and the future plan.
  • Children are given information regarding their present placement and the plan for their immediate future.
  • The child is developmentally assessed in accordance with the prescribed assessment format.
  • Each child must be assessed by a child and youth care worker.
  • The medical assessment must be conducted in accordance with the prescribed format.
  • A psychological assessment must be conducted in accordance with the prescribed format.
  • A care plan is developed in accordance with the prescribed format.
  • The IDP is developed in accordance with the prescribed format.
  • Review IDP in accordance with the prescribed format.
  • Discuss IDP with relevant parties.
  • The IDP should include:
    • Health needs and health promotion
    • Care needs including safeguarding and promoting welfare
    • Education needs and attainment targets
    • Cultural, religious, language and racial needs and how they will be met
    • Leisure needs
    • Contact arrangements with family, friends and significant others.
16.5A child has the right to continuity of care after release from the centre.
  • Prepare child for their next placement or release.
  • Refer the case, in writing, to and external social worker for aftercare services.
16.6The movement of children is managed and facilitated.
  • The movement of persons over the age of 18 years is facilitated and managed.
  • The movement of pregnant girls to a more appropriate residential facility is facilitated and managed.
  • The movement of children with cases pending longer than six months is facilitated.
  • The movement of children awaiting designation of a reform school is facilitated.
16.7The movement of children is managed and facilitated.Develop frameworks for procedure for the movement of children not appropriately placed in the programme.Customise and implement framework.

17. Programmes

Secure care centres must offer programmes which can and do meet the full range of developmental needs appropriate to the age, gender, disability and developmental phase of the child, including emotional, physical, spiritual, intellectual, and social needs.
Programmes should be differentiated or multi-dimensional, offering a range of appropriate child and youth care services to the surrounding community such as family preservation, prevention, early intervention, educational bridging, drop in shelter, 5-day care, weekend treatment, community-family care, etc. AFTER CARE- DIVERSION

Norms and standards

Ref NoNormsReferenceStandards
17.1Children have the right to have their basic needs met. (Care programmes)Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • Structured daily programmes are designed, documented and implemented.
  • The daily programs must be clearly displayed.
  • Daily programme must be structured in such a way that it takes into consideration the movement of children.
17.2Children have a right to participate in structured counselling and therapyRegulations of the Children's Act.
  • Children participate in a structured therapeutic programme as indicated in their IDP, or as required on a daily basis, or in a particular crisis.
  • Individual and group programmes are designed in a modular format (one module builds on the next) to meet the needs of children.
  • Programmes must be designed to allow new members into the group at any given stage
  • Structured programmes are designed, documented and implemented.
  • Children have an individual/group programme.
  • Children have access to an occupational therapy programme which is suitable to their developmental needs.
17.3Children have the right to participate in development programmes.Children's Act
  • Structured programmes are designed, documented and implemented.
  • Children have access to an educational, vocational and life skills programme which is suitable to their capacity, circumstances and developmental needs.
  • Children have access to an entrepreneurial programme which is suitable to their capacity, circumstances and developmental needs.
  • Children have access to an occupational therapy programme which is suitable to their developmental needs.
  • Children have access to a health care programme which is suitable to their capacity, circumstances and developmental needs.
17.4Children have the right to a recreational programme.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • Structured programmes are designed, documented and implemented.
  • Children have access to sport facilities and are given the opportunity to participate in sport activities.
  • In-door and out-door programmes must be supervised.
  • In-door and out-door programmes must form part of the therapeutic milieu (e.g. team games to teach team work)
  • Participation is voluntary.
17.5Children have the right to a spirituality/religious programmes in line with their beliefs.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • Each child must be given the opportunity to participate in the religious activities of his or her choice.
  • Participation is voluntary.
17.6Children experience an environment in which their cultural beliefs are respected and nurtured.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • Cultural programmes are part of the daily programme.
  • Each child must be given the opportunity to participate in cultural activities.
  • Participation is voluntary.
17.7Children have the right to diversion programmes, if so ordered.Regulations of the Children's Act
  • Structured programmes are designed, documented and implemented.
  • Holistic diversion programmes involving parents, care-givers and children.
  • Diversion programme to promote the participation of children in decision-making.
  • All children must have access to diversion programmes, if so ordered.
17.8Children, youth and families from the surrounding communities can access a variety of programmes and resources at the centre. (Outreach and prevention programmes)Regulations of the Children's Act.
  • Planned awareness and prevention programmes are designed, documented and implemented at regular intervals with communities.
17.9Programmes may be developed in-house or may be purchased from other service providers.Children's Act
  • Programmes must be according to design principles as outlined by the national department of social development.
  • Provision must be made for the purchasing of programmes in order for subsidization to take place.

Practice guidelines

Ref NoNormNational guidelinesProvincial guidelines
17.1Children have the right to have their basic needs met. (Care programmes)
  • The structured daily programmes must be prescribed and include:
    • Personal hygiene, e.g. brush teeth, shower/bath, dress properly, cleaning of rooms
    • School programme, e.g. motivate them to attend, supervise and ensure they're dressed properly, ensure they take responsibility for learning material
    • Homework, e.g. supervise and assist with homework
    • Socialisation, e.g. play together, encourage to participate, encourage to stick to the rules of the games, to listen to each other
    • Management of space, e.g. make their beds, pick up their clothes
    • Quite time
    • Dining hall, e.g. use of cutlery, portion control, etiquette, wash hands, pray
    • Bed time, e.g. tidy rooms, shower and dress correctly, prepare for next day, wash their socks/underwear, emotional support, life space interviews, listen to them
  • The programmes must be communicated to the provinces.
  • Implementation must be monitored.
Implementation of the prescribed programmes.
17.2Children have a right to participate in structured counselling and therapy
  • The following programmes must be developed and prescribed:
    • Substance abuse programme
    • Anger management programme
    • Court preparation (pre & post)
    • Counseling
    • Behaviour management programme
    • Leadership development programme
    • HIV/AIDS programme
    • Family re-unification programme
    • Moral regeneration programme
  • The programmes must be communicated to the provinces.
  • Implementation must be monitored.
  • Individual counseling must be based on the developmental assessment of the child and provide psycho-social care and support to the child.
  • Implementation of the prescribed programmes.
17.3Children have the right to participate in development programmes.
  • The following programmes must be developed and prescribed:
    • Computer skills, Carpentry, Welding, Catering, Plumbing, Sewing, Career guidance, Job readiness
    • Mentorship programme
    • Life skills programme
    • Moral education
    • Observe all medical/health calendar events
    • Personal hygiene
    • Sex & sexuality
    • HIV/AIDS, STI/STD
    • Substance abuse prevention & treatment,
  • Healthy living & maintaining healthy lifestyle
  • The programmes must be communicated to the provinces.
  • Implementation must be monitored.
Implementation of the prescribed programmes.
17.4Children have the right to a recreational programme.
  • The following programmes must be developed and prescribed:
    • Different sporting codes
    • Obstacle course
  • The programmes must be communicated to the provinces.
  • Implementation must be monitored.
Implementation of the prescribed programmes.
17.5Children have the right to a spirituality/religious programmes in line with their beliefs.
  • The following programmes must be developed and prescribed:
    • Spiritual readings
    • Hymns/praises
    • Prayer, worship and/or rituals
    • Life testimonies
    • Meditation
    • Celebrate all special days (Diwali, Eid, Christmas)
    • The programmes must be communicated to the provinces.
  • Implementation must be monitored.
Implementation of the prescribed programmes.
17.6Children experience an environment in which their cultural beliefs are respected and nurtured.
  • The following programmes must be developed and prescribed:
    • Indigenous games
    • Traditional dance & music
    • Modern dance
    • Poetry
    • Story-telling
    • Crafts
    • Heritage celebrations
  • The programmes must be communicated to the provinces.
  • Implementation must be monitored.
Implementation of the prescribed programmes.
17.7Children have the right to diversion programmes, if so ordered.
  • Diversion programmes must be developed to include a restorative justice element which aims at healing relationships, including the relationship with the victim, and also include an element which seeks to ensure that the child understands the impact of his or her behaviour on others, including the victim of the offence, and may include compensation or restitution.
  • The programmes must be developed and prescribed.
  • A system for monitoring the child's progress, and compliance with the conditions of a diversion order, must be developed and prescribed.
  • A framework for a report d to court in terms of the child's compliance with the conditions of a diversion order must be developed and prescribed.
  • The programmes, monitoring system and report framework must be communicated to the provinces.
  • Implementation of the programmes, monitoring system and report framework must be monitored.
  • Implementation of the prescribed programmes.
  • The selection of a diversion programme must be based on an assessment of the particular needs of the child, which covers:
    • Details on risk factors associated with offending that are present in the child's life, such as: social relationships, (including family and peer relationships), education, (including school grade), attendance and performance, history of antisocial behavior, substance abuse, medical/psychiatric history, the child's developmental areas that the programme is designed to address strength assessment.
  • A system for monitoring the child's progress, including his or her compliance with the conditions of a diversion order, must be developed.
  • After completion of the programme, a report must be submitted to court in terms of the child's compliance with the conditions of a diversion order.
  • Children who cannot afford transport in order to attend selected diversion programme must, as far as is reasonably possible, be provided with the means to do so
17.8Children, youth and families from the surrounding communities can access a variety of programmes and resources at the centre. (Outreach and prevention programmes)
  • The programmes must be developed and prescribed.
  • The programmes must be communicated to the provinces.
  • Implementation must be monitored.
  • Implementation of the prescribed programmes.
  • Programmes must be aimed at addressing community risk factors including abuse, violence, substance abuse and crime.
  • Programmes must provide education and awareness on children's rights and responsibilities
  • Programmes must promote advocacy for the rights of children as well as for the needs of the most vulnerable children and families
  • Programmes must provide information on early identification of risk factors in children and families
  • Programmes must promote opportunities for community dialogue on matters pertaining to children.
  • Programmes must provide information on community risk factors and available resources to address them.
17.9Programmes may be developed in-house or may be purchased from other service providers.
  • Design and develop programmes.
  • Customise programmes according to need.

Ethos of services

18. Children's Rights

The programme must be rights based and at all times, all children must be made aware of their rights and responsibilities within the programme, in a manner and form which takes into account their age, capacity and linguistic heritage.

Norms and standards

Ref NoNormsReferenceStandards
18.1Children in conflict with the law (whether immigrant child, refugee child, and unaccompanied foreign children) are entitled to the same rights as any other child.Regulations of the Children's Act.
  • A child must be detained only as a measure of last resort.
  • A child must be detained for the shortest appropriate period of time.
  • The rights and responsibilities for children must be displayed in the centre.
18.2Children are appropriately sanctioned by management when transgressing.Informed by practice and consultation at workshops
  • List of acceptable sanctions.
18.3A child's right to human dignity must be upheld.Constitution
  • All practices that violate a child's rights are non-negotiable.
18.4Children have the right to participate in decisions and matters affecting them.TCYCS
  • Mechanisms in place for all children to participate.
18.5Children have a right to maintaining contact with their families.TCYCS
  • Access to family, guardian or caregiver.

Practice guidelines

Ref NoNormNational guidelinesProvincial guidelines
18.1Children in conflict with the law whether immigrant children, unaccompanied foreign children are entitled to the same rights as any other child.
  • The Blueprint gives expression as to how children's rights are upheld within a secure care setting.
  • Child Protection norms and standards to inform the management of immigrant children and unaccompanied foreign minors.
  • Do a comparative analysis against the Blueprint.
  • Develop plan of action to improve adherence to all rights.
  • The rules, routine, rights and responsibilities of children must be visibly displayed, and discussed.
  • The personal information of children is treated respectfully and confidentially.
  • Whenever possible, children should give informed consent for any personal information to be communicated to others.
  • No audio tapes, photographs, videotape/films may be recorded/taken which can positively identify children.
  • Children are provided with their own personal space within the living quarters.
  • Children are given privacy when using the ablution facilities.
  • Children have the right to privacy during discussions with families or significant others. Privacy can be denied when it can be shown not to be in the best interest of the child.
  • Children have the right to send and receive mail which is not read by others. When mail has to be read by a personnel member, the child has the right to be present.
  • Cupboards and other containers are not searched without the child being present and without justifiable cause.
  • Children may not be exposed to undue influence regarding their sexual orientation.
  • Significant events in the child's life, as well as rites of passage associated with their cultural or religious heritage are acknowledged.
  • Catering should provide for cultural and religious heritage.
  • Each child must be given the opportunity to participate in the religious activities of his or her choice.
  • Provision must be made for an interpreter well versed in sign language or any other language.
  • Children and families are informed of visitation days. Contact can be denied when it can be shown not to be in the best interest of the child.
  • Transport from a specified point (e.g. station) is provided to visitors when the centre is situated far from transport routes.
  • Accommodation is provided to visitors traveling from far.
  • Children and families are informed of how and when telephonic contact is allowed.
  • Application to court for leave of absence for children who have a need to attend to matters in the community, e.g. terminally ill immediate family, funerals, etc.
  • Children are encouraged to demonstrate positive behaviour by:
    • Ensuring that there is adequate information and communication on centre routines, rules, expectations and responsibilities, which facilitates understanding and cooperation.
    • Providing assistance to meet behavioural expectations through skill development and therapeutic support.
    • Staff modelling (demonstration) of expected behaviours and attitudes in their interactions with children.
    • Ensuring awareness of the consequences of their behaviour in the centre and in their communities/homes.
  • Providing opportunities to demonstrate and practise positive behaviours.
18.2Children are appropriately sanctioned by management when transgressing.
  • The Blueprint gives expression as to how children's rights are upheld within a secure care setting.
  • Child Protection norms and standards to inform the management of immigrant children and unaccompanied foreign minors.
The following behaviour management actions are prohibited:
  • Group punishment.
  • Threats of removal, or removal from the programme.
  • Humiliation or ridicule.
  • Physical punishment.
  • Deprivation of basic rights and needs.
  • Denial of contact with family or significant others.
  • Isolation.
  • Restraint.
  • Assignment of inappropriate or excessive work.
  • Verbal, emotional or physical harm.
  • Punishment by another child.
  • Isolation is allowed as an immediate safety measure for no more than 2 hours and under strict adherence to all other minimum standards.
  • Restraint can only be administered by trained personnel. This action must be documented.
  • A child may be isolated from other children, only if he or she cannot be managed and is deemed to be a danger to himself or herself or others, for a very limited period of no longer than two hours, for the purposes of providing support and giving him or her time to regain control and dignity.
  • Any child isolated from other children must be under the social worker or child and youth care worker or psychologist, and must be provided with physical care, emotional support and counseling which assists in re-integration into the group as soon as possible.
  • No child may be isolated or locked up as a form of discipline or punishment.
  • The room where a child is isolated may not be a bathroom or toilet, a windowless room, a basement room, vault or store-room.
  • A register must be maintained which details the reasons for and period of a child's isolation, together with a report on the support and counseling provided and the response of the child during the period of isolation.
  • Children are informed about policy and procedure regarding reportable incidents or actions and are provided with information and knowledge which ensure that they can use these procedures effectively when needed.
  • Reportable incidents include the following:
    • Removal or attempted removal of a child by unauthorized persons.
    • Any situation in which restraint, isolation or prohibited behaviour management measures are used.
    • Allegations of physical, emotional, sexual or verbal abuse.
    • Absence of a child from the centre without permission.
    • Intervention by security personnel or the SAPS.
    • The death or injury of a child must be reported on a form corresponding with Form 39.
    • Criminal charges/conviction of any person involved with the centre.
    • Any substance abuse by personnel while on duty.
18.3A child's right to human dignity must be upheld.
  • Children must be informed of searching practices and consent to them as part of the orientation programme.
  • All searching of the children's private belongings and parcels may only occur in the presence of the child.
  • All illegal substances and weapons should be immediately confiscated and disposed of in an appropriate manner.
  • The bodily integrity of children may not be violated by routine or unauthorized bodily searches.
  • Bodily searches on children may only be conducted by a personnel member of their own gender.
18.4Children have the right to participate in decisions and matters affecting them.
  • A children's forum must be established that allows for meaningful participation of children in the operation of the centre.
  • A Children's Forum is formed, consisting of a representative number of children within the programme.
  • The proceedings of this Forum are documented.
  • The minutes of the proceedings is provided to the head of the centre.
  • Appropriate action is taken to address concerns raised.
  • Feedback regarding action taken is given to the Forum.
  • Children must be provided with a description of the relevant complaints procedure that is age and language appropriate.
  • Complaints must be dealt with seriously, timely and fairly.
18.5Children have a right to maintaining contact with their families.Develop, in conjunction with the Family Directorate, a policy for family preservation within the secure care programme.
  • Implement national policy.
  • Ensure access to families, guardians or caregivers through:
    • Phone calls
    • Visiting times
    • Open days

19. Transversal areas

19.1 Monitoring and Evaluation

All programmes and activities must be monitored effectively and is essential for measuring the success of service provision. This will assist service providers at all levels to manage their programmes and activities better by providing timely feedback on whether or not services provided respond to the needs of clients, and furthermore, whether they are consistent with the overall realisation of the objectives of the Centre. The feedback provided can be used to improve current operations and to provide the basis for future strategic planning.

Norms and standards

Ref NoNormsReferenceStandards
19.1Policy and delivery adherence.Draft regulations under the Children's Act.
  • Every centre must be subjected to a quality assurance programme.
  • The centre must undergo a developmental quality assurance process within 4 years of registration.
  • The DQA process is confidential.
  • The adherence to national norms and standards.

Practice guidelines

Ref NoNormNational guidelinesProvincial guidelines
19.1Policy and delivery adherence.Develop and monitoring and evaluation system with indicators.
  • Implement the monitoring and evaluation system (DQA).
  • An internal assessment is undertaken by the management and staff members of the centre.
  • A team, consisting of members from the government and non-government sector, should conduct an external and independent developmental quality assurance of the centre.
  • A report and organizational development plan must be established between the teams by agreement.
  • A mentor must be appointed to oversee implementation of the plan by the management of the centre.
  • The progress in implementing of the organizational development plan should be reviewed within one year of the developmental quality assurance.
  • The developmental quality assurance process must be periodically repeated at intervals of 2-3 years.
  • Information gained about the organisation, the staff and/or the service recipients in the course of the DQA, is confidential. Only those who have a professional reason to have the information should be given it.
  • The assessment must be completed within 1 month of the developmental quality assurance.
  • The team which will do the particular DQA should be given the internal DQA to study at least 2 weeks prior to the DQA assessment.
  • In an extreme case where one person does the DQA, the person should consult with at least two other professionals before doing the ODP.
  • The DQA involves an assessment of whether rights are appropriately protected and whether the organisation is complying with and implementing the RSA Constitution and the relevant international instruments supported by South Africa. Where serious violations are discovered, these should be reported in writing by the DQA team to the appropriate authorities within 48 hours of the on-site assessment.
  • The report must be presented to the management and personnel within 21 days of the developmental quality assurance.
  • The mentor must be appointed within 10 days of the plan being presented to the management and personnel.
  • The review is carried out by one person (preferably the mentor), not a team.
  • The DQA Review results in an "updated" report and ODP which is then monitored until the next full DQA assessment.
  • The monitoring and evaluation of a provincial programme lies with the provincial office.